Assessment of Water Quality Index and Non-Carcinogenic Risk for Ingestion of Nitrate for Drinking Purpose of Bhosga Reservoir, Karnataka, India

Reservoirs are vital water sources that contribute significantly to local ecological and environmental balance, particularly in semi-arid regions. An evaluation of the drinking quality index (WQI) has been conducted using ten parameters like electrical conductivity (EC), chloride (Cl-), pH, total hardness (TH), alkalinity (TA), phosphate (PO43-), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate (NO3-), solids (TDS), sulfate (SO42-). Weighed Arithmetic Index technique is utilized for examining status USEPA model was determine non-carcinogenic risk ingestion Bhosga reservoir Kalaburagi district which measured at five predefined sites from October 2020 September 2021. All potable were below allowable limits based on given standards. The maximum WQI results reported monsoon season, with a mean value 48.14 all selected sites, pre & post-monsoon seasons result 46.08 43.68, respectively. Overall, signifies good quality, making it worthy domestic use. outcome this study reveals pH DO position have substantial impact WQI. Non-carcinogenic reveled that, seasonal HQ average adults children ranging between 0.036 0.040 0.065 0.071, respectively both 1, indicating neither nor had any negative effect. Principal component analysis cluster revealed primary causes degradation agricultural runoff anthropogenic activities. To ensure security supply people who live surrounding region, simple filter treating prior usage needed.